Anonymous Solves a Rape Case - 968 Words

Anonymous can seem like a strange or unsettling concept to some who may fear that someone or something mysterious exists behind a screen that has the power to destroy anyone or anything in a matter of minutes. In this particular case, anonymous shows their true power and potential by solving a two year cold rape case in under two hours. This Canadian rape case involved a young girl, Rehtaeh Parsons, who attended a party where alcohol was present and was gang raped by four of her male classmates. These four males took pictures of the gang sexual assault and then proceeded to share and send these photos to everyone in the school. Two years passed by that Parsons was brutally bullied and assaulted every day. Parsons eventually attempted suicide by hanging herself, and died a few days after when she was taken off life support. The Parsons family attempts at getting justice for their daughter against the four classmates failed when the police did not think enough evidence existed to charge anyone of the crime. The case was given up on due to lack of evidence and no relief or justice was served from the police. Anonymous was allegedly able to confirm the identities of the rapists in just two hours. People close to the perpetrators contacted Anonymous and flooded anonymous accounts with stories and testimonies. Anonymous said they would restrain from making the names public in hopes of forcing official investigators to re-open the case and review the evidence again.Show MoreRelatedA Perfect Example Of Civic Hacking1001 Words   |  5 PagesBigApps, sponsored by the New York City Economic Development Commission, is designed to foster civic hackers’ ideas to solve specific problems each year (â€Å"BigApps NYC 2015†). For example, this year’s challenges were called â€Å"Affordable Housing,† â€Å"Zero Waste,† â€Å"Connected Cities,† and â€Å"Civic Engagement.† Developers were challenged with the opportunit y to program apps suited to help solve issues in New York City related to those broad categories. Winners included an web application called JustFix.nyc, whichRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Serpico 933 Words   |  4 PagesAlso there is a rape in progress that Serpico and his partner investigate. They are able to apprehend one of the rapists but when he does not give up the others one of the police officers severely beats him. The film shows besides police corruption there is police brutality and racism. â€Å"A fellow cop asks Serpico if he wants to take part in the beating of the suspect but he refuses.† (Serpico) He wants to solve crimes not abuse people. The officers use abuse of Authority on the rape suspect. â€Å"AbuseRead MoreEssay on Abortion Should Become Illegal996 Words   |  4 Pageswill solve the problem of unwanted pregnancies and babies born out of marriage, but this is not the case as there are means of preventing fertilisation using contraception. If a woman is sexually active, she should already be using reliable forms of contraception such as; The Pill, Condoms, Morning After Pill, Diaphragms and various others including artificial barriers etc. If the contraception method being used is defective or under other circumstances like rape, aRead MoreEssay on Korean Comfort Women2590 Words   |  11 Pagesintended to do with them (Kim in Schallstede 25). Jungshindae was the women’s labor corps in which the women would work at a military factory and receive wages. Many women believed this was what they would be doing when they were recruited by the army (anonymous in Schellstede 103). The horrific practice of using comfort women for the army carried over from World War II to the Korean War. Many feel that the practice of comfort women lies in discrimination on the part of the Japanese in terms ofRead MoreSexual Rape And Sexual Assault2248 Words   |  9 Pagesharassment, stranger assault and a more under reported crime, such as date rape (Types of Sexual Assault). Date rape drugs are used in sexual assault; which is any type of sexual activity that a person does not agree upon (Date Rape Drug: Get the Facts on the Different Kinds). Anyone can be a victim of sexual assault regardless of their race, culture, gender, sexual orientation, abilities, or age (Types of Sexual Assault). Rape and sexual assault are ongoing occurrences throughout the Nation. At JPDRead MoreRape Is A Serious Problem2872 Words   |  12 Pagesthey can to prevent rape or defend themselves when they are being violated? The argument of to whom the fault actually belongs to has been a long occurring ordeal that perhaps may never be resolved. Rape is a serious problem, which is why it is one of the most highly debated topics in today’s society and media. Many actors and actresses have spoken out against rape, some are even victims. There has also been a growing amount of concern towards women expressed by many anonymous Twitter accountsRead MoreThe Anti-Pornography Feminist Movement Essay3395 Words   |  14 Pages â€Å"I don’t need statistics to tell me that there is a relationship between pornography and real violence. My body remembers.† This chilling testimony from a female rape victim to a grand jury in 1983 represents the evils that pornography represents in the United States. There are strong correlations between sex crimes and pornography that have divided feminists over whether free speech is worth the sheer magnitude of sex-crime victims. Free speech is protected by the First Amendment and mostRead MoreRecommendation For Policy Action On Sexual Violence2511 Words   |  11 Pagesalternative prevention methods for the safety of the violated bodies in the criminal justice system. The prevention of sexual violence against women will not only make it easier for the police to investigate, but women will not be going through a â€Å"second rape† with officers and professionals in the criminal justice system. Also by having reforms of criminal justice proceedings will be a necessary step in providing survivors with the reassurance that the authorities care about their situation. In conclusionRead MoreIs Abortion A Choice?1807 Words   |  8 Pages A seventeen year old strolls down an anonymous back alley way in the city, and she carries within her an unborn offspring of 4 months. She had attempted to hide it, yet the signs were at long last showing. She was sexually assaulted a few months prior by her ex, and she now carries their undesirable child. She should not be compelled to nurture and administer to the child she had not prepared for. She also should not be compelled to love a child who will, for her each waking minute, remindRead MoreEthics3106 Words   |  13 Pagesof ethical rules. The following are some step that researchers, such as Dr. Wexford, can take to deal with ethical dilemmas in research: What is the problem or issue? It is always important to get a clear statement of the problem. In this case, the issue is whether to share information with the other research team. What is the relevant information? Many bad decisions are made as a result of poor information. To know what to do, Dr. Wexford needs to have more information concerning

Systematic Unsystematic Risk Determinants †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Explaining How Risk Of Shares Can Be Calculated By The Standard Deviation? Explaining How Adding More Shares To A Portfolio Can Affect The Risk Return? Explaining If One Of The Two Assets Is Risk Free Asset Then Identifying The Calculation Of Risk From Two Assets? Explaining The Distinction Between Systematic And Unsystematic Risk? Answers: Introducation The overall standard deviation is mainly calculated with the help of mathematical measurement, which directly averages the overall variance of the returns provided by the stock. Moreover standard deviation is also identified as the Dispersion of the set of data from its mean. this could eventually help in calculating as a square root of the variance that is derived from the return. The overall standard deviation mainly helps in identifying the volatility that a stock could have from the average return projected yearly. There are different types of data that is evaluated with the help of standard deviation, if the data point is further from the mean there is higher deviation and volatility in stock. Standard deviation is used in identifying the historical volatility of a stock, which could directly help in detecting the overall variations and returns that could be projected from an investment (Adamczyk et al. 2014). From the evaluation of the article Simon Hoyles there is no explanation on the risk factor, if overall investor decides to buy more shares. However, buying of different stocks mainly helps in diversifying the overall portfolio, which acts as an adequate hedging measure that could increase return from investment and reduce the negative impact of capital marketing volatility. Hence, use of more shares could eventually help in improving the relevant returns that could be generated from portfolio. Investors mainly use more than one stock in a portfolio by evaluating the correlation and coefficient condition. This evaluation of the overall correlation and coefficient condition mainly helps in identifying stocks that have negative correlation with each other. This could eventually help in reducing the risk from investment. Furthermore, the evaluation of the standard deviation is also essential, as it helps in portraying the overall risk from investment. Cho, et al. (2017) mentioned that in vestors with the help of correlation coefficient are able to select stocks that could nullify the negative impact from capital market. The overall standard deviation equation mainly uses two different types of Assets and the risk factor for determining the overall portfolio risk. Therefore, if one of the assets in the portfolio is risk free asset, then the standard deviation for one asset will be zero. This will mainly indicate that the overall standard deviation equation will portray only the risk of one stock and neglect the risk free return risk. Theequation will mainly reduce to zero after the stock weight is multiplied by standard deviation. Hence, it could be understood that risk of the portfolio will only come on one assets weight and standard deviation, if the other stock is risk free asset. A?t- Bodie (2013) mentioned that investors by using the risk free asset in portfolio are mainly able to reduce the risk from investment and generate higher returns. On the other hand, Sahalia and Felix (2015) argued that risk free asset provides a constant return and there is no chance of progress, where investors cannot hop on the rising return provided from the capital market. The risk that remains after using the diversification is mainly known as market risk, which directly attributes to the market risk source. These types of risk are also known as systematic risk or non-diversifiable risk, which cannot be reduced by the investors. There are different types of risk that can be mitigated by investors with adequate diversification methods.These kinds of risks are mainly termed as unique risk, firm specific risk, non-systematic risk, and diversifiable risk. Waemustafa and Suriani (2016) mentioned that identification of systematic and unsystematic risk would eventually help investors to take a relative steps in mitigating the overall unsystematic risk. The use of adequate diversification methods investors is able to reduce the unsystematic risk or diversifiable risk from the investment. On the other hand, Marshall (2015) argued that systematic risk cannot be reduced with the help of diversification, which directly increases the business of loss for an invest or. Calculating returns and SD of Asset A and B: Asset Expected return Standard deviation A B C A 11.50% 23% 1 0.25 0.4 B 14.00% 43% 0.25 1 0.15 C 18.00% 58% 0.4 0.15 1 Portfolio 1 Weight Expected return Standard deviation Weight 2 Expected return 2 A 40% 11.50% 23.00% 16.00% 1.32% B 60% 14.00% 43.00% 36.00% 1.96% Portfolio expected return 13.0% Variance 1.11% Portfolio standard deviation 10.54% Calculating returns and SD of Asset A, B and C: Portfolio 1 Weight Expected return Standard deviation A 60.00% 11.50% 23.00% B 22.50% 14.00% 43.00% C 17.50% 18.00% 58.00% Portfolio expected return 13.2% Variance 8.03% Portfolio standard deviation 28.33% Explaining the difference between risk and return of Portfolio 1 and 2: The overall portfolio 1 mainly has less risk, as the there are only two stocks in the portfolio, which has been adequately hedge. The portfolio comprises of 60% risky asset, while 40% lower risk assets is been used in the portfolio, which makes the portfolio SD at 10.54% and return at 13%. The portfolio 2 mainly consists of 3 stocks, where the weight f the portfolio is conducted on stock A, which has the least risk. However, portfolio 2 has a higher risk and return from investment. Therefore, the portfolio 2 can yield a higher return from investment by increasing risk of the investors. Calculating returns and SD of Asset A, B and F: Portfolio 1 Weight Expected return Standard deviation Weight 2 Expected return 2 A 4.80% 11.50% 23.00% 0.23% 1.32% B 75.00% 14.00% 43.00% 56.25% 1.96% F 20.20% 9.90% 4.08% 0.98% Portfolio expected return 13.1% Variance 1.13% Portfolio standard deviation 10.65% Calculating returns and SD of Asset A, B and C: Portfolio 1 Weight Expected return Standard deviation A 33.33% 11.50% 23.00% B 33.33% 14.00% 43.00% C 33.33% 18.00% 58.00% Portfolio expected return 14.5% Variance 11.54% Portfolio standard deviation 33.96% Calculating returns and SD of Asset A, B, C and F: Portfolio 1 Weight Expected return Standard deviation A 25.00% 11.50% 23.00% B 25.00% 14.00% 43.00% C 25.00% 18.00% 58.00% F 25.00% 9.90% Portfolio expected return 13.4% Variance 6.49% Portfolio standard deviation 25.47% The overall evaluation of portfolio 3, 4 and 5 mainly indicates that the returns provided by portfolio 4 is relatively higher due to the high risk involved in investment. Moreover, the portfolio 5 has the least medium risk, while higher returns from investment. This is mainly due to the non incorporation of risk free assets in the portfolio. The portfolio 4 does not incorporate any of risk free asset in the portfolio, which is directly increasing the SD to 33.96%, while portfolio 5 has a SD of 25.47%. The least SD is mainly portrayed by portfolio 3, where there are only two risky stocks and one risk free asset. This mainly reduces the risk of the portfolio substantially, while the relative return also decreases. Therefore, investors according to their risk taking nature could choose different portfolio to suit their return needs. References: Adamczyk, L., J. K. Adkins, G. Agakishiev, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, I. Alekseev, J. Alford et al. "Beam energy dependence of moments of the net-charge multiplicity distributions in Au+ Au collisions at RHIC." psychology review letters113, no. 9 (2014): 092301. A?t-Sahalia, Yacine, and Felix HA Matthys. "Robust portfolio optimization with jumps." (2015). Bodie, Zvi.Investments. McGraw-Hill, 2013. Cho, Woohyun, Woohyun Cho, Jian-yu Fisher Ke, Jian-yu Fisher Ke, Chaodong Han, and Chaodong Han. "An empirical examination of the direct and indirect effects of geographic diversification on stock market and financial performances of multinational corporations."International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management47, no. 6 (2017): 495-515. Marshall, Cara M. "Isolating the systematic and unsystematic components of a single stocks (or portfolios) standard deviation."Applied Economics 47, no. 1 (2015): Waemustafa, Waeibrorheem, and Suriani Sukri. "Systematic and unsystematic risk determinants of liquidity risk between Islamic and conventional banks." (2016).

Work Sheet free essay sample

From the course home page in Loudly, click on the Tasks tab and then click on Forums. Make notes on the various forums and their purposes. 3. F-mind the Student Success Center under the Resources Tab. Click on this link. List some of the services provided to students at this link. * 4. Inside the Student Success Center, click on the Writing Center link. Click on Loudly Courses. What writing style is required for 1 O- and 200-level courses at GUCCI? 5. Inside the Student Success Center, click on the Support Services link. List the services available at this link. 6. Inside the Student Success Center, click on the Succeed at GU link.Click on the GAL. Tutorials link at the bottom of the page. What tutorials are available for students at this link? 7. Click on the Resources Tab in the Loudly classroom. List each section. Review each section and list what you find in it. 8. Click on the Course Home link the left-hand corner of the screen. We will write a custom essay sample on Work Sheet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page List some Of the components found on this page. 9. Go to http://library. GU. Due. Click on the Frequently Asked Questions (on the left) link. List how a GUCCI student finds a Book, DVD, streaming video, or other multimedia at the GAL. library: GUCCI Web site Questions (http://www. GU. Due) 1 .Locate and click the Spiritual Life link on the right side of the screen. You will notice a navigation pane on the left side of the screen. Click the + sign next to Chapel and the Gathering. What information is listed under Chapel and the Gathering? 2. On the Home page, locate and click the Current Students button on the right side of the screen. Scroll down the page. What links are listed under the Student Resources section? 3. On the Home page, locate and click on the Resources tab at the top of the screen. Click the Technical Support link listed under the Support Services section. What information can be found under Technical Support? On the Home page, click on the Contact us tab which is located just above the home page footer. This is where you can locate phone numbers and addresses of the colleges, the main GAL.

Historical relationship of the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos and How it is changing the environment.

Historical relationship of the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos and How it is changing the environment. Introduction Richard White studied at the University of Washington, Santa Cruz and the University of California. White is the author of the book The Roots of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos. Currently, he is a history professor at Stanford University.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Historical relationship of the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos and How it is changing the environment. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More White has worn several awards, such as the James A. Rawley Prize awarded by the Organization of American Historians, the Francis Parkman Prize from the Society of American Historians, and the Albert J. Beveridge Award of the American Historical Association, among them. Previously, Professor White taught at the Michigan State University, University of Utah, and University of Washington. His area of speciality includes Native Americans so cial change and dependency, corruption during the Gilded Age, and Environmental history as well as studying lakes, rivers and railroads. He has written several books which include The Remaking of the Columbia River: A History of the American West and The Organic Machine: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815, Its Your Misfortune and None of My Own: The Middle Ground. Within the United States history, narratives of American Indians remain marginalized. The need for a scholar to rise up and confront the paradigm of colonialism and narrate indigenous stories is imperative. This is because these stories are quite complex and worth being told accurately, and as such, the minorities are brought into the historical center so as they may be redeemed from the silence sideline. It goes without saying that the principal medium for indigenous voice is the ability of individuals to design their own history. In his book, The Roots of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos, Richard White expounds on this concept by discussing three different case studies concerning the Navajo, Pawnee, and Choctaw tribes. In his study, White uses approaches and ideas from different fields, mainly ecology, history, and anthropology. As a major contributor to the American West history, White is of the view that there is a complexity that subsists between the aforementioned tribes, a growing capitalistic economy, and their surroundings. In an effort to explore these trends, White digs deep into the chronological prism of dependency. Book summary Whites argument which is opposite to other scholars’ arguments on the usefulness of dependency theory is basically inspired by Immanuel Wallenstein’s work, particularly on his submissions of The Modern World System. The use of Whites dependency theory in his narrative is very crucial as it explains how nations or even individuals are integrated i nto the wider system of capitalist economy.Advertising Looking for book review on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Likewise, in the argument advanced by White in his book The Roots of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos, he contends that through dependency theory, the struggle between periphery and center can be established (White 6). This model is a sufficiently detailed structure that encompasses environment, economy, politics, and culture as forces which contribute to the decline in the autonomy of the indigenous groups. Nevertheless, White is quick to observe that there are some shortcomings of the homogenized theory which are not accounted for by dependency. He further claims that one would be making a big blander to deny the conclusion of these histories since that would amount to reducing them into a cause that is simple and singl e while they are not. In the other chapter of the book, White uses an interdisciplinary approach by joining together findings from ecology, history, and anthropology. In every methodology, he presents his narrative of causes of an eventual indigenous decline and its dependence upon an economic system introduced by the Anglo- Europeans. Through the use of the anthropologic concept of assessing reciprocal effects of groups that are closely related, otherwise known as close controlled comparisons, White is able to analyze the experiences of Pawnee, Navajo and Choctaw tribes. It should however be noted that in his analysis, White only uses the micro analysis approach, thus failing to weigh up adoptions of other native tribes that are closely related to Pawnee, Navajo and Choctaw tribes. Throughout his case study, however, there is a clear illustration of the role played by the process of colonialism in marginalizing native people to a periphery socio economy, as well as stimulating the Anglo- European power. There were several factors that contributed to the decline of Choctaw tribe and the ultimate reliance on the economic system of Anglo- Europe. Some of these factors involved the environment and geographical landscape which this tribe inhabited. In their subsistence farming, the Choctaw group used basic irrigation method, this method of farming allowed them to gather crop yields and promote a united community with a solid political base. Nevertheless, the social harmony experienced by the Choctaw tribe was short-lived particularly with the arrival of the European explores and the Spanish merchants in the Choctaw community during the 18th century. There was a drastic turn of events and the community had no choice but to rely on the newly introduced Anglo-European system of economy which marked the beginning of their decline (White 9).Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Historical relationship of the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos and How it is changing the environment. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to White, however, the Choctaws group, unlike other two native groups, did much better as the Choctaws group had a well organized and solid political foundation. That notwithstanding, the Choctaws community did in fact experience decline. The aspect of reliance amongst the Choctaws community is ensued in a couple of ways. To begin with, the hunting practices of this native group, as well as the invasion of the European into their land, led to a great decline in the herds of the white-tailed deer in the hunting grounds of Choctaws group. Consequently, there were few resources left in their land as a means of survival and with the increase in the population and the intrusion of the Europeans, they were left with no choice but depend on the Anglo- European economy. This decline came to an end with the emergence of intertribal conflicts that ensued. There was a great conflict between native gropes such as the Choctaws and Chickasaws made the lands unsafe for everybody inhabiting them and the land became unutilized. The lack of use of land in the Choctaws community was brought about by the hostilities among different groups provided a fertile ground for the repopulation of the white-tailed deer, thus there was a restoration of ecological balance in the environment (White 6). Nevertheless, the subsistence patterns of Choctaws group were culturally maintained and historically derived, but not determined by their ecological landscape, the advent of new cultures from the European intruders, the approval of a new economy, as well as the destruction of diseases opened up new possibilities for change in both social and ecological spheres. The Choctaws economic system play-off was the second cause for Choctaws to rely on the Anglo- European economic system. After the demarcation of borderland enclaves by the French and the Britons, the Choctaw community ventured into a thriving commercial transition having the advantage of influencing the economic dealing powers of both, the English and French. The problem with such dealings was however in the perception of commercial trade held by each of the parties. In the perspective of the Europeans, trade was a means through which a group or an individual could benefit. In the perspective of the Choctaws traders, on the other hand, trade was a form of reciprocity and not a means of getting group or personal advantages. White contends that the Europeans, particularly the English realized that their perception of trade was different from that of the native group and they made every effort to eliminate this perception (12).Advertising Looking for book review on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In an effort to eliminate this perception, they encouraged credit debt system in the Choctaw markets by way of liquor trade and taking advantage of the Choctaw markets that were inelastic by nature. Consequently, dependency ensued with decline of the Choctaw market system. White observes that similar processes were experienced by the Navajos and Pawnees tribes. He contend that the existence of European market forces is similar to those introduced in the Choctaw markets which make them succumb to dependency were also introduced among the Navajos and Pawnees tribes thus inculcating new social order (White 8). This social order galvanized a partnership ethic among the Europeans and the Pawnees. The hunting methods were affected by environmental forces such as the population of deer which lead to the adaption of horticultural practices which were compatible with the new requirements of ecological landscape. Pawnee leaders were given gifts of horses from the European community so that th ey can intensify the buffalo hunting. This was within the larger plan of the Europeans to stratify themselves within the economy of the natives. Ultimately, the intertribal conflicts, the depopulation of the buffalo herds, and disease played a key role in the dependency levels among the Pawnees (White 11). According to White, the decline of the Navajo tribe emanated from the restrictive irrigation methods, poor soils which led to agricultural loss, and reduction in the population of livestock. This community had an economic system that was sheep based economy, and by 1930, the community had an approximately one million heard of sheep. The sheep market system used the number of sheep as a measure of economic value. The wealthy in the community would sometimes redistribute their earnings to the poor in the community. Sheep among the Navajo community did not only represent a means of successful financial gains but sheep were also part of the family and an iconic aspect in the culture o f Navajo tribe. Furthermore, another cause for Navajo dependence emanated from poor irrigation methods used by the tribes which led to the existence of arid soils in their landscape. There was a great problem of soil erosion, ineffectiveness in the system of irrigation and overgrazing which led to the decline of Navajo. The irrigation practices of the natives conflicted with the irrigation strategies of the Americans which resulted into muddled water use causing floods in the farms thus lowering their yields. In an effort to meet their needs, most of the native farmers opted to work for the white farmers and abandoned their own farms. Further, Dinà © compliance reinforced the impact of the BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) and also the control of the United States government by John Collier (White 14). Critical analysis Even though there have been a number of publications regarding the American Indian groups history as well as their decline, there are very few of these publications th at address this subject in a thorough anthropological approach as it is in the narrative by Richard White. Through the use of anthropological analysis in the narrative of the indigenous Americans, the author avoids treating the Anglo- Europeans as the control group and the three native groups as a subject. In light of the foregoing, White is able to treat both, the European American and the three native groups (Indians) as susceptible players, subject to folly, misunderstanding, as well as panic. Another peculiar aspect of the book roots of dependency is the exploration of the economic structure of the Choctaw, Pawnee, and Navajo tribes during the pre- industrial period. From the narrative, we are able to learn that trade among the three indigenous groups profiled by White was quite different from the conventional trade as it was not driven by scarcity and prices, but rather trade among them was driven by reciprocal obligation and honor. The different perceptions and misconception o f what trade really meant among the two groups is a clear indication of a deep analysis undertaken by Richard White in his narrative on the three native groups in America. The analysis done by White on Choctaw, Pawnee, and Navajo tribes, shows that the contact with the European American and the consequences that followed tent to heavily rely on an obvious concept of criminalizing the role played by the European players. As such, the narrative is quite insidious in the sense that it diminishes the value of a historical narrative for the purposes of social relations in the contemporary world. White is of the view that the two later groups, that are thePawnee and Navajo tribes, were different from the Choctaw tribe in the sense that their dependency was a result of lack of a sophisticated social, environmental, and political process similar to that experienced by the Choctaws. In light of the foregoing contention, Jan Lewis (1986) argues that even though the narratives of Pawnee and Na vajo are important in White’s work; there is a clear indication of the authors inclination towards the Choctaw story. The imbalance that is straightforward in his work could be an indication of an attempt by the writer to relate the aforementioned three native tribes under the dependency theory, even though every group is complex in its own individual way. There are other weaknesses manifested inRichard Whites work. The author has frequently employed racial labels such as the word white to symbolize Europeans. The authors classification of English traders as rapists, knaves, reprobates for all purpose, and murderers, is a clear indication of racial generalization. The author also fails to apposite economic agency to the Navajo, Pawnee, and Choctaw. It should be noted that trading among the native groups did exist long before the invasion of the European traders. A number of scholars contend that the acts of giving gifts amongst the indigenous groups are a clear indication tha t trading existed. The argument advanced by White opposing other scholars’ arguments on the usefulness of dependency theory is basically inspired by Immanuel Wallenstein’s work, particularly in his submissions on The Modern World System. According to George H. Phillips, the dependency theory is critical in explaining how states or individuals are integrated into the wider system of capitalist economy. Through the use of the anthropologic concept of assessing reciprocal effects of groups that are closely related, otherwise known as close controlled comparisons, White was able to analyze the experiences of Pawnee, Navajo and Choctaw tribes(7). It should however be noted that in his analysis, White only uses the micro analysis approach, thus failing to weigh up adoptions of other native tribes that were closely related to Pawnee, Navajo and Choctaw tribes (Phillips 5). One cannot deny the fact that the threat of force from the Europeans is basic to the histories of Pawnee , Navajo and Choctaw tribes, nevertheless, citing military as a cause for their decline would be misleading for a couple of reasons. To begin with, the changes experienced in the subsistence system of these native groups had began long before the arrival of the whites, and thus the establishment of their military was not the cause of the change per se. In this respect, it is worth noting that the Navajo community was for a century the scourge of both, the Mexicans and Spanish in the south west. The Pawnees community, on the other hand, intimidated and sometimes destroyed any form of expedition hurled by Mexico against them. They were also resistant to the threats from America for a considerable period. The Choctaw community in the eighteenth century was by far too powerful for English and French. It goes without saying that according to White; military inferiority among the three tribes was not the main cause of their decline and eventual dependency, as this aspect was evolved littl e by little over a period of time. The analysis of these three native groups by Richard White brings out the fact that not all attempts by the Europeans were consistent or successful to bring the indigenous labor, land and resources into the market. It follows therefore, that this unifying factor ties together the histories of the Pawnee, Navajo and Choctaw tribes and also, within these histories, these groups were tied to the social and environmental changes of every individual group. This contention negates both, crude materialism and economic determinism. Among the three native groups, market relations were destructive and threatening development, this brought about resistance to such development within these groups, the resistance was short lived (Driben 6). According to White, the economics of the Pawnee, Navajo and Choctaw tribes were basically controlled by culture. In an effort to appreciate change in these native groups, it would be prudent to assess the common influences o f environment, politics, economics and culture. The result of these changes among Pawnee, Navajo and Choctaw tribes was indeed dependency. The concept of dependency theory advanced by Richard White in his analysis of the three native groups is a borrowed idea from Immanuel Wallenstein’s work; particularly in his submissions on The Modern World System. The dependency theory is very crucial in explaining how stats or even individuals are integrated into the wider system of capitalist economy (Carlson 4). Dependency therefore denotes a situation in which the economic system of a particular group is influenced by the expansion and development of another economy. This may only happen in instances where the former is subject to the latter influences due to some forces. The decline of the subsistence system of Pawnee, Navajo and Choctaw tribes as well as their amalgamation into the Anglo- European market system resulted into an increased dependency of these three native groups on th e capitalist system, intense social and political changes within their social structure, and also the lack of economic option. Notwithstanding the fact that these historic events are quite extreme, Whites analysis depicts these results as a clear indication of the function of dependency theory. Initially, the Pawnee, Navajo and Choctaw tribes were able to house, feed, and cloth themselves without any kind of assistance, nevertheless, the three groups little by little resorted to the Europeans for food security, as well as clothing (Driben 7). During the initial stages, the natives obtained manufactured items and cloths from the Europeans through various exchanges such as military services, goods, land or even labor. At this stage however, the terms and conditions of such exchange were within the control of the native groups. As time went on, the terms and conditions of these exchanges were determined by the Europeans, and the natives were left with no choice but to comply with such conditions. Ultimately, the European invaders dictated what was expected to be exchanged, the way in which such exchange must have been done, what the natives were supposed to be given, and even how they were supposed to use what they received. The concept of dependency theory as advanced by White is clearly brought out in the sense that the aforementioned events rendered the three native groups absolutely superfluously, so to speak. They no longer had control over their own resources and they entirely relied on the Anglo- Europeans. This also threatened loss of their identity. Conclusion The Roots of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos by Richard White is a indeed a groundbreaking interdisciplinary assessment of the European contact with the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos cultures and its disastrous consequences on the indigenous Americans. Richard White focuses on the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos tribes and makes an at tempt to isolate and identify different factors that played a significant role in the material collapse of the three native groups. The book is widely acclaimed for the new approach to the history of indigenous Americans, as well as the well built thesis. The methodology used by Richard White in his book The Roots of Dependency, is quite different compared to other traditional historians. This is particularly notable in the use of interdisciplinary method which joins together findings from ecology, history, and anthropology in his investigation, and also includes the perspective of the indigenous Americans into his work. In his narrative, the author begins by assessing the Choctaw community from Mississippi during the period between the 16th century and 18th century. The author gives a chronology of how the Choctaw community initially adapted to the influences of the Anglo- Europeans, which ultimately resulted into a catastrophe. During this period, as the forces of Anglo- European economic system made their way into the economic system of the Choctaw community, they were forced by circumstances to overhunt which lead to drastic depopulation of the deer herds and their eventual extinction. This also led to the destruction of their environment, economy and their resources, all these led to the decline of Choctaw tribe and the eventual dependency (Driben 32). In The Roots of Dependency, White further contends that alcohol was also another factor that played a significant role in the decline of the Choctaw community. He claims that in order to appreciate the predicaments experienced by the Choctaw community, one has to consider the critical role played by the market economy of the Europeans. The author assert that the Choctaw community was enticed into the Anglo – European market system by liquor and from then henceforth the exchanges of goods and services were determined by the Europeans. As such, this native group was left susceptible and hungry. Their r esistance did not help them much and eventually, the Choctaw community became greatly dependent on the Europeans for food and cloth supply. The author in his narrative is of the view that the Navajos and Pawnees tribes went through the same processes as the Choctaw community. He narrated that the existence of European market forces was similar to those introduced in the Choctaw markets, making them vulnerable to the whims of the Europeans. These forces were also introduced among the Navajos and Pawnees tribes thus inculcating a new social order. The decline of the Navajo tribe emanated from the restrictive irrigation methods, poor soils which led to agricultural loss, and reduction in the population of livestock. This community had an economic system that was sheep based, the community had an approximately one million heard of sheep by 1930. The sheep market system used the number of sheep as a measure of economic value. Sometimes, the wealthy in the community would redistribute the ir earnings to the poor. Sheep among the Navajo community did not only represent a means of successful financial gains but also they were part of the family and an iconic aspect in the Navajo culture. Poor irrigation methods used by the Navajo tribe and the existence of arid soils in their landscape are also cited by the author as another cause for Navajos dependency. There was a great problem of soil erosion, ineffectiveness in the system of irrigation and overgrazing which led to the decline of Navajo. The irrigation practices of the natives conflicted with the irrigation strategies of the Americans which resulted into muddled water use causing floods in the farms, thus lowering their yields. In an effort to meet their needs, most of the native farmers opted to work for the European farmers and abandoned their own farms. Further, Dinà © compliance reinforced the impact of John Collier control of the United States government and also the emergence of BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) . The social order introduced by the Europeans galvanizes a partnership ethic among the Europeans and the Pawnees. The Pawnee community embarked on massive hunting which drastically reduced the population of the deer. These hunting methods were affected by environmental forces, such as the population of deer which led to the adaption of horticultural practices which were compatible with the new requirements of ecological landscape. White, in his narrative, content that the leaders of the Pawnee community were given horses by the Europeans for the purpose of intensifying their hunt for buffalos. This move by the Europeans was within the larger plan of the Europeans to stratify themselves within the economy of the natives. Ultimately, the intertribal conflicts, the depopulation of the buffalo herds, and disease played a significant role in solidifying the Pawnees levels of dependency on the Europeans. Richard White borrows the concept of dependency theory from Immanuel Wallenstein. Th is dependency theory is espoused by Wallenstein in his renowned book The Modern World System. The concept of dependency is used to depict a situation in which the economic system of a particular group is influenced by the expansion and development of another economy. This may only happen in instances where the former is subject to the latter influences due to some forces. The dependency theory is very crucial in explaining how states or even individuals are integrated into the wider system of capitalist economy. Finally, In the Roots of Dependency, there are several aspects used by the narrator that fuel criticisms. To begging with, White, the narrator, has frequently employed racial labels such as the word white to symbolize European. Secondly, the author in his narrative makes an attempt to pigeonhole English traders as rapists, murderers, knaves, and reprobates for all purpose; this is an outright generalization of a particular race as discussed above (Carlson 43). Carlson, Leon ard. â€Å"Economic History†. The Journal of Economic History 44.3 (1984): 887-889. Print. Driben, Paul. â€Å"The Roots of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and the Navajos.† American Ethnologist 12. 2 (1985): 396 – 397. onlinelibrary.wiley.com. Web. Lewis, Jan. â€Å"Southern History.† The Journal of Southern History 52. 3 (1986): 446-447. Print. Phillips, George H. â€Å"Richard White. The Roots of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos†. The Journal of American History 71. 2 (1984): 370. Print. White, Richard. The Roots of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1983. Print.

Religious Fundamentalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Religious Fundamentalism - Essay Example   Christians and Muslims widely differ in their interpretation of historical events. For example, Crusades was a religious war and fundamentalism formed its bedrock. Both Muslims and Christians interpret this huge historical event differently. For example, Muslims interpret this event as a series of military campaigns run by Christians to stop the expansion of Islam and restrain the growing power of Muslim rulers. Many Christians were becoming impressed by Muslim civilization which was not tolerated by Christian fundamentalists and they started this war. Christians, in contrast, believe that expansion of Islam was not an issue, but Pope Urban II announced the first crusade to help Christians restore their access to the holy places in Jerusalem. What are some common threads between Christian and Islamic religious fundamentalism? Many traits are shared by Christian and Muslim religious fundamentalists. For example, it is claimed that right-wing religious extremists and their Muslim c ounterparts share five main characteristics. These common characteristics, as claimed by research, are found in nearly all fundamentalists. These are â€Å"racism, bigotry, intolerance, disdain for education, hatred of gays and women and people of different faiths and non-believers†. Both Christian and Muslims fundamentalists gush with hatred and vengeance for gays and empowered women. Also, both are found bursting at the seams with racist ideas and they also equally think low of people from other faiths.  

Rhabdomyolysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rhabdomyolysis - Research Paper Example sed to or he/she may be experiencing low fitness levels and the moment he/she is introduced to intense physical exercises the condition sets in (Carter et al., 2005). The human body is made up of three different types of muscles namely; heart muscles which are very delicate and critical for the survival of human beings, skeletal muscles and finally the smooth muscles. The skeletal muscles are the ones that are responsible for a general movement of the body since they are tasked of anchoring the skeleton at the joints thus facilitating movement. Mainly these are the type of muscles that are prone to infection of Rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis is a common condition among the people and is observed to be a major cause of renal acute failure (Hunter et al., 2006). Rhabdomyolysis is more of a lifestyle disease that a chronic medical condition thus it is caused by a number of causes many which are related to the manner in which people live their lives. Some of the most notable causes of Rhabdomyolysis are elaborated as follows. Muscle trauma or crush injuries are the premier cause of this condition, and it is responsible for over forty percent of the reported cases of Rhabdomyolysis. When people are involved in accidents that cause severe injuries in the muscles they will often result in the muscles rupturing and the end result will be the muscle contents being discharged into the bloodstream thus causing Rhabdomyolysis (Eberhard, 2000). Severe burns are yet another cause of this condition which takes place the same way muscles trauma unfolds. When one is subjected to intense burning like that of people being lynched or when a building is on fire the body is going to be mutilated due to the intense heat that will be coming from the fire and as a result most of the body tissues will be destroyed hence causing other complications. For the case of the muscles they are going to be burnt until they rupture thus releasing their contents into the blood hence the

My Immortal Soul Essay Example for Free

My Immortal Soul Essay Plato has roused many readers with the work of a great philosopher by the name of Socrates. Through Plato, Socrates lived on generations after his time. A topic of Socrates that many will continue to discuss is the idea of â€Å"an immortal soul†. Although there are various works and dialogues about this topic it is found to be best explained in The Phaedo. It is fair to say that the mind may wonder when one dies what exactly happens to the beloved soul, the giver of life often thought of as the very essence of life does it live on beyond the body, or does it die with it? Does the soul have knowledge of the past if it really does live on? In Plato’s The Phaedo, Plato recounts Socrates final days before he is put to death. Socrates has been imprisoned and sentenced to death for corrupting the youth of Athens and not following the rights of Athenian religion.[1] Socrates death brings him and his fellow philosophers Cebes, Simmions, Phaedo, and Plato into a perplex dialogue about this notion of an afterlife and what does one have to look forward to after death. Death is defined as the separation of the body from the soul. In The Phaedo death has two notions a common one which is the basic idea that the soul dies and the physical, idea that the soul separates from the body after death. â€Å"The soul is most like that which is divine, immortal intelligible, uniform, indissoluble, and ever self-consistent and invariable, whereas body is most like that which human, mortal is, multiform, unintelligible, dissoluble, and never self-consistent.† (Phaedo)[2] According to Socrates, knowledge is not something one came to understand but it was actually imprinted on the soul. Knowledge to Socrates was an unchanging eternal truth, something that could not be acquired through experience and time. Socrates friends believe that after death the soul disperses into the air like a breath. On the contrary Socrates believes that the soul is in fact immortal and if one wants to become free of pain they way to do so is to exempt themselves from the physical pleasures of the world. In this dialogue Socrates and the philosophers explore several arguments for this idea of an immortal soul. These arguments were to illustrate and verify that death is not the dying of body and soul collectively, but when the body dies the soul continues to live on. Socrates offers readers four main arguments: The Cyclical Argument, which is the idea that forms are fixed and external. The soul is the sole purpose of life in this argument, and therefore cannot die and it is also to be seen as virtually never-ending. Next is The Theory of Recollection, which insists that at birth everyone has knowledge that the soul experienced in another life. Meaning that the soul would have had to be existent before birth to bear this said knowledge. The Form of Life Argument confers that the soul bears a resemblance to that which is imperceptible and godly because it is abstract. The body bears a resemblance to the perceptible and the corporeal because it is objective. The Affinity Argument maybe the simplest of all. It reiterates Socrates thoughts of the body and soul, in saying that when the body dies and decomposes our soul will continue to exist in another world.[3] Since the soul is immortal it has been recycled many times, and has also experienced everything there is to experience, for Socrates and Plato this idea of recollection is much deeper than remembering something once forgotten. Socrates views knowledge as something that cannot be learned but the soul recalls it as it is being recycled. Grasping the understanding that things come to be beings by being composed of something pre-existing and when ceased these parts will continue to exist. Focusing on The Theory of Recollection, this is the claim that knowledge is innate, and cannot be learned. â€Å"What you said about the soul. They think that after it has left the body it no longer exists anywhere, but that it is destroyed and dissolved on the day the man dies.†(Cebes)[4] Socrates’ point for this argument is that our soul with holds this knowledge and we are born with it. Although we do not remember things before we are born it is said that certain experiences can nevertheless re awaken certain aspects of that memory. For example in The Meno, Socrates raises a mathematical problem to Menos slave boy, who does not have any prior training in mathematics. The boy thinks he knows the answer but Socrates makes him see that his initial hypothesis of the answer is wrong. By purely asking questions, Socrates gets the slave boy to state the right answer. Socrates insists that he has not told the boy the answer, but through questioning the slave boy, Socrates aided him to recollect the slave boy’s own knowledge of mathematics.[5] Furthermore Socrates also makes another example of recollection by stating if one were to come in contact with a picture or an item of a beloved then it would be simple to recall said person to the mind. This is the idea of how recollection works. If we examine this example and change certain aspects of it, it does not become very clear either. If a picture of a beloved one was shown to a stranger it is safe to say that the stranger would not be able to recall any thoughts, memories or details of the person in the photograph because they do not have any prior knowledge of said person. In order for the stranger to do so they would have had to been in acquaintance with that person in the photograph at one time or another. This act of resemblance is easier for someone who already knows the person. Plato also uses an example of a vehicle stating that before a vehicle is mobile there were parts that were made to turn it into a vehicle such as the engine, steering wheel, and etcetera. He continues to make the point that even after the vehicle breaks down that these pieces will still remain to create the next vehicle. According to Plato ordinary objects participate in this recollection of platonic forms themselves; these things remind of us platonic forms because the soul once encountered it. He persists that the soul must have ex isted because of this. All of which are ways to reiterate that this idea that knowledge is imprinted on the soul may have validity to it. In essence there was time where only the soul existed and it soon found a home in a body of another, making it now a mortal being(birth). Reincarnation is not only a rebirth of the soul but the neutralization of the knowledge one attained before birth as well. Then there is a period where our a priori knowledge seems to disappear only to reappear when it is recalled. It is claimed that we lose our knowledge at birth; then by the use of our senses in connection with particular objects we recover the knowledge we had before. However, this relationship between the perception of sensible objects and our capacity of finding knowledge can produce a series of confusions concerning whether it is possible to recall all prior knowledge. The problem in this argument and certain aspects of this notion of an immortal soul is that even if it were proven that we were made up something before birth, and something will remain after death, it is not for certain that it is the soul. Through scientific study it is understood that the body is also made of atoms it is also known that atoms existed before the body and will continue long after the body. The atoms that make up the body will in fact be recycled as well just as Socrates has the concept that the soul lives on. Plato and Socrates were correct on the idea that certain parts were in pre-existence does come to make one existent and will exist after death. Although even with this idea one cannot be certain that the soul is one of the parts of the body that is solely immortal. There is not adequate information given by Plato or Socrates to make this argument suffice. We must raise an inquiry of why is that in order to think of perfection we must have already had to have seen it? Aside from philosophical views, in everyday life we encounter imperfections and it is safe to say that the mind is capable of wondering what something of beauty, perfection, or a perfect circle appears to be. The mind is also able to think about these ideas even if the soul has never encountered it. If these arguments prove anything it proves that The Theory of Recollection and The Cyclical Argument both attest that the soul existed before but the arguments do not prove that the soul will continue to exist after this life. Works Cited 1. Cahn, M Steven. Classics of Western Philosophy. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc 2006 2. Morgan, K, 2000, Myth and Philosophy from the pre-Socratics to Plato, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3. Partenie, Catalin, Platos Myths, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . (April 11th2010) [1] Cahn- Plato’s, The Phaedo [2] Quote from the philosopher Phaedo [3] Socrates theories discussed by Plato [4] Phaedo 70a [5] Plato’s The Meno